GMAT考试语法常见问题解读

　　部分倒装：

　　一些表示频率的副词(如many a time, often等)位于句首时 ,句子部分倒装.

　　Oftendid we go for walks together.

　　Manya time have I told him about it.

　　用于“no sooner…than…,hardly…when…和not until等结构中”

　　Nosooner had he arrived than someone called him.他一到就有人给他打电话

　　用于省略if的虚拟条件状语从句(把were,had, should放在主语前构成倒装)

　　WereI you ( = If I were you ), I would not accept his present.

　　Hadyou ( = If you had ) studied hard, you might have passed the exam this time.

　　用于“形容词/名词/动词+as (though)”引导的让步状语从句，例如：

　　形容词：Pretty as she is（=As pretty as she is=thoughshe is pretty）, she is not clever at all.

　　动词：Try as he could, he might fail again.

　　名词：Child as he was, he had to sell newspapers in the streets.

　　否定副词（never, not…, seldom, hardly, neither, nor,scarcely, rarely, no longer, barely, little）

　　Barelydid he have time to catch the bus.

　　Neverhave I been to Beijing.

　　So/ Such 引导的倒装句：

　　So kind is shethat she deserves allmy respect.(全倒装)

　　So loudly did hespeak that everyonecould hear him.

　　Only在句首强调状语Onlywhen the meeting is over can we know the decision.

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　　Nor的相关用法：

　　1) nor用在否定句中表示“也不”的意思

　　2)neither A norB后面跟的谓语动词由B决定:

　　Neither we northey want it. (来自AHD的例子)，说明由B决定的。

　　再看两个来自jukuu的例子：

　　1.Neither menusnor dialog boxes have this immediate property. Each one requires anintermediate step, sometimes more than one.

　　2.Neither thesalesman nor the supervisor has been notified of the sale.

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　　另外单个neither的用法：

　　They were not inShanghai atthat time. Neither (nor) were we.

　　They are notfromEngland.Neither (nor) is she.

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　　名词性从句what

　　what引导的名词性从句中从句谓语动词的单复数情况：

　　what后面“什么时候用单数,什么时候用复数”根据动词后面的名词的单复数来定.

　　what引导的名词性从句做主语时，主句谓语动词的单复数情况：

　　(1)What在从句中做主语，主句谓语由what从句的谓语决定。

　　EX: What isdifficult to understand is A.；What are difficult to understand are A and B.

　　(2)what在从句中做宾语，主句谓语由主句表语/宾语决定what they want are XX,XX&XX。

　　2) What hisfather left him are a few English books.

　　以who, why,how, whether或that引导主语从句，谓语动词用单数

　　例：Why she didthis is not known.

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　　除了独立主格，还有以下成分可以做伴随状语：

　　一、分词短语做伴随状语：现在分词短语和过去分词短语都可以做伴随状语，在分词短语表示与主句的主语在逻辑上有主谓关系，即表主动意义；而过去分词短语则表示与主句的主语在逻辑上是动宾关系，即被动意义。例如：

　　1．“Can‘tyou read？”Mary said angrily pointing to the notice.

　　2．He sentme an e-mail hoping to get further information.

　　3．Hehurried to the hall, followed by two guards．

　　二、形容词短语做伴随状语：形容词短语做伴随状语时，通常表状态。例如：

　　1．Full ofapologies, the manager approached us．经理向我们走来，嘴里不停地说着抱歉的话。

　　2．He wastoo excited, unable to say a word．他太激动了，一句话也说不出来。

　　3．He staredat the footprint, full of fear．他盯着脚印，满心恐惧。

　　三、单个形容词做伴随状语： 单个形容词做伴随状语也表示状态，不表动作。例如：

　　1．He satthere, silent．他一声不响地坐在那儿。

　　2．Breathless,she rushed inthrough the back door．穿过后门，他气喘吁吁地冲了进来。

　　3．He wentto bed, cold andhungry．他又冷又饿地上床睡觉了。

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　　单复数问题：

　　关于monkfish,fish的单复数识别：

　　If “fish”is singular, it must be used WITH AN ARTICLE (“a”, “the”,etc.)

　　i saw a fishswimming beneath me --> singular (1 fish)

　　i sawfishswimming beneath me --> plural (multiple fish)

　　“avarietyof/ a number of + 复数名词”后面谓语用复数形式；

　　Then umber of /the variety of + 复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；

　　“a bodyof/a collection of/an arrary of/a series of/a set of/a portion of/a group of/a constellation of/a team of + 复数名词”作主语后面谓语都用单数形式，因为body/collection等被视作集合名词(collective noun)，后面是of引导的介宾短语做形容词。