2014年托福阅读材料：电邮短信降低智商

　　手机，电脑已经成为我们工作和生活的必需品。然而，这些高科技的产品带给我们的不一定只有福利。心理学家发现，使用手机或敲击电脑键盘发送或接收电子信息会暂时降低使用者约十个百分点的智商。

　　The regular use of text messages and e-mails can lower the IQ more than twice as much as smoking marijuana.

　　That is the claim of psychologists who have found that tapping away on a mobile phones IQ.

　　This rate of decline in intelligence compares unfavorably with the four-point drop in IQ associated with smoking marijuana， according to British researchers， who have labeled the fleeting phenomenon of enhanced stupidity as infomania.

　　Research on sleep deprivation suggests that the IQ drop caused by electronic obsession is also equivalent to a wakeful night.

　　Infomania is mainly a problem for adult workers， especially men， the study commissioned by Hewlett Packard， the technology company， has concluded.

　　The noticeable drop in IQ is attributed to the constant distraction of always on technology when employees should be concentrating on what they are paid to do. Infomania means that they lose concentration as their minds remain fixed in an almost permanent state of readiness to react to technology instead of focusing on the task in hand.

　　Workers lose productivity by interrupting a business meeting and disrupt social gatherings because of their infirmity， the report said.

　　The brain also finds it hard to cope with juggling lots of tasks at once， reducing its overall effectiveness， it added. And while modern technology can have huge benefits， excessive use can be damaging not only to a persons mind， but to their social life.

　　Furthermore， infomania is having a negative effect on work colleagues， increasing stress and dissenting feelings. Nine out of ten polled thought that colleagues who answered e-mailss performance by reducing their mental sharpness. Companies should encourage a more balanced and appropriate way of working.