GMAT语法中比较关系分析

  据留学360介绍,GMAT语法知识点中GMAT语法比较关系属于较为常见的类型,为此特针对GMAT语法比较关系进行相关的GMAT语法知识点讲解,分享给大家,希望对大家有所帮助。

  1. 常见的比较词汇:

  Like, Unlike, More than, Less than, Faster than, different from, in contrast with/to, Compare to, as, as (adj.) as, as much as, as fast as, the same as.

  2. 比较的解题法则:

  1)读语义找标志词:

  ① 找出逻辑概念是否可以比较; ② 注意专题中的标志词;

  2)注意点:

  ① 看到了标志词,知道比较点双方是否存在并且是否可以比较;

  (Cat’s paw和Dog;1982年和1984年的事)

  ② 比较双方是否形式一致;

  (前后双方要保持形式一致,除非不同语态,但要保持形式一致)

  ③ 比较是否清晰;

  注意什么和什么比:在逻辑语义上;

  A, B, and C (其中AC是人,B是物,那么逻辑比较的双方是AC,语法形式是否一致)

  ④ 比较是否简洁(比较省略的运用):

  a. a as b 如果省略b这块的主语和谓语,那么比较就默认为b这里的主谓和a一致;

  b. 比较前后的动词是否可以省略:

  Ambiguous: I like cheese more than Yvette. (Yvette可以是主语或者是宾语)

  Right: I like cheese more than Yvette. (=than Yvette like cheese)

  Right: I like cheese more than I do Yvette. (=than I like Yvette)

  . 比较最重要的看的,是两者是否可以比较;(可比性)

  3. 比较注意点:

  原则: 选择正确的比较;

  排除: 排除不正确的比较形式;

  形式: 1) as...as

  2) more/less/greater/higher...than

  3) like/unlike (必须两个名词)

  举例: The new SUV uses gas more quickly as the small sedan does 错误

  The new SUV uses gas more quickly than the small sedan does. 正确

  排除: 没有形成正确的逻辑比较;

  原则: 在比较中,“that”可以用来替代单数物体的比较;“those”是用来比较复数的。

  举例: The couches in the living room are smaller than that in the den. 错误

  The couches in the living room are smaller than those in the den. 正确

  Unlike the head chef, whose dishes are always healthy, the assistant chef‘s are quite unhealthy. 错误

  Unlike the head chef’s dishes, whose dishes are always healthy, the assistant chef‘s are quite unhealthy. 正确

  暗示: 当你看到比较选项词出现,比较词请考虑是否用比较来做题目

  (比较是考察的核心,即选项里比较的差异性会是题目的考点)

  #GMAT语法比较形式#

  4. 比较的形式:

  1)逻辑意思表达清晰,比较种类匹配;

  ① 常见的(主谓全)比较结构

  a. 主语比较

  A do sth than B do (AB为对等名词,加do是为了显示这是一个可以发出动作的名词,因而确定是主语,进而确定是主语对比)

  b. 介宾比较

  A do sth of C1 by D1 than of C2 by D2 (C1C2, D1D2对等名词)

  注意一定要是介宾才能直接跟在than后面,不要造成歧义

  The clothes inside the store looked more appealing than outside the racks. 错

  The clothes inside the store looked more appealing than did those outside the racks. 对

  (Clothes inside the store和outside the racks做比较,第一句比较的是衣服和racks)

  c. 宾语比较

  A do C1 than C2 (C1C2为对等名词)

  d. 状语比较

  A do sth than usual/ ever before/ people expected

  ② 一种句型只有主谓,没有宾语的句子,因为没有宾语,只可能有主语比较,因而不需要重复do来确认这是一个可发出动作的主语。

  a. I eat faster than you. 我吃的比你快。

  b. I eat apple faster than you do. 我吃苹果比你吃苹果快。

  c. I eat apple faster than you. 我吃苹果比吃你快。

  2)比较对象对等清晰,清晰界定比较关系元素

  比较对象清晰对等,因本着为对方着想的思路,让比较两方读起来更加清晰好懂

  A recent review of pay scales indicates that CEO’s now earn an average of 419 times more pay than blue-collar workers, compared to a ratio of 42 times in 1980.

  a. that, on average, CEO’s now earn 419 times the pay of blue-collar workers, a ratio that compares to 42 times

  b. that, on average, CEO’s now earn 419 times the pay of blue-collar workers, as compared to 42 times their pay, the ratio

  答案是2 times和times在比; 1的话 a ratio和times在比 所以2更加清晰简洁

  3)简洁原则:比较结构的省略

  ① 所有格省略

  前句有明确说明所有物是什么东西,后句的就可以省略。

  P. S. 所有格或者所有物单复数都可以,只有逻辑意思合理就行。

  EG: My car is bigger than Brian’s (car). My toes are longer than Brian’s (toes)

  ② 比较从句可以省略宾语,谓语甚至整个从句,只要逻辑意思合理。

  EG: whereas I drink 2 quarts of milk a day, my friend drink 3 (quarts).

  I walk faster than Brian (walks)

  I walk as fast now as (I walked) when I was young

  ③ 为了不造成歧义,需要添加动词和情态动词,以保持逻辑含义鲜明。

  EG: Visual eats more carrots than donuts. (donuts必须为宾语才能省略)

  Ambiguous: I like cheese more than Yvette. (Yvette可以是主语或者是宾语)

  Right: I like cheese more than Yvette. (=than Yvette like cheese)

  Right: I like cheese more than I do Yvette. (=than I like Yvette)

  ④ As/than 分句中省略

  a. 省略谓语动词及补足部分。

  ? This house is not SO expensive as the other one

  ? Does she dance as gracefully as her sister?

  ? She is more highly regarded than he

  b. 省略谓语动词的补足部分

  ? The end of the movie wasn’t as good as the beginning was

  ? John drove much more carefully than Tom did.

  c. 省略主动词。宾语不同则保留宾语。如果宾语相同则连同主动词一起省略。

  ? Mary has known peter better than she has (known) John.

  ? George writes as neatly as John does

  ⑤ 众多例句中可以看出,当比较结构是同质事物之间的比较,即比较项相同时,比较结构必须采取这样或那样的省略形式。这显然成了比较结构的一大特点。

  ⑥ 省略与歧义:

  比较结构通常总有些部分被省略, 如果省略后比较分句只剩下一个名词词组, 那么这个名词词组通常不是主语就是宾语。

  a. I speak Greek better than you (speak Greek)

  b. The photographs disappointed my parents more than (they disappointed) me.

  如果省略后剩下的那个名词词组既可以看做比较分句的主语,也可以看作宾语,就会出现歧义现象。

  I like to play Ping-Pong with john better than Peter.

  I like to play Ping-Pong with John better than (I like to play Ping-Pong with) Peter.

  我喜欢和彼得打乒乓球,我更喜欢和约翰打球

  I like to play Ping-Pong with John better than Peter (like to play Ping-Pong with) Peter. 我比彼得更喜欢和约翰打球。

  ⑦ 在省略部分比较内容的时候,代词的单复数要一致 (that of/those of)

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[GMAT语法中比较关系分析] 文章生成时间为:2014-12-07 06:49:54

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