汽车维修及保养的常用词汇

　　汽车维护Vehicle maintenance

　　汽车修理Vehicle repair

　　汽车维修制度System of vehicle maintenance and repair

　　汽车维修性Maintainability of vehicle

　　汽车技术状况Technical Condition of Vehicle

　　汽车完好技术状况Good condition of vehicle

　　汽车不良状况Bad condition of vehicle

　　汽车工作能力Working ability of vehicle

　　汽车技术状况参数Parameters for technical condition of vehicle

　　汽车极限技术状况Limiting condition of vehicle

　　汽车技术状况变化规律Regularity for change of technical condition of vehicle

　　运行缺陷Operational defect

　　制造缺陷Manufacturing defect

　　设计缺陷Design defect

　　事故性缺陷Accidental defect

　　汽车耗损Vehicle wear-out

　　汽车零件磨损Wear of vehicle part

　　磨损过程Wear process

　　正常磨损Normal wear

　　极限磨损Limiting wear

　　允许磨损Permissible wear

　　磨损率Wear rate

　　机械磨损Mechanical wear

　　化学损耗Chemical wear

　　热磨损Thermic wear

　　疲劳磨损Fatigue wear

　　腐蚀性磨损Corrosion wear

　　故障磨损Failure wear

　　故障Malfunctioning

　　断裂Breakdown

　　损坏Damage

　　更换（零件）Replacing

　　擦伤Scratching

　　刮伤Scoring

　　点蚀Pitting

　　粘附Adhesion

　　咬粘Seizure

　　烧伤Burning

　　穴蚀Cavitation

　　老化Aging

　　疲劳 Fatigue

　　变形Deformation

　　缺陷Defect

　　汽车故障Vehicle failure

　　完全故障Complete failure

　　局部故障Partial failure

　　致命故障Critical failure

　　严重故障Major failure

　　一般故障Minor failure

　　汽车故障现象Symptom of vehicle failure

　　抢气Mixture robbery

　　呛油Fuel fouling

　　盘车Turning

　　飞车Run way

　　工作粗暴Rough running

　　早燃Preignition

　　回火Back fire

　　自燃现象Dieseling (after run)

　　爆震（爆燃）Detonation

　　火花（点火）爆燃Spark knock

　　燃料爆燃Fuel knock (gas knock)

　　不发火（不点火）Misfiring

　　调速不匀Hunting

　　过度停顿Flat spot

　　调速器工作不匀Governor hunting

　　回流Backflow

　　窜气Blow-by

　　稀释Dilution

　　滤清器阻塞Clogged filter

　　润滑超量Overlubrication

　　（气缸）上油Oil pumping

　　（柴油喷射系）渗漏滴油After dripping

　　（燃料系）气阻Vapor lock

　　结胶Gum deposit

　　敲缸Knock

　　拉缸Cylinder score

　　咬缸Cylinder sticking

　　轴颈擦伤Journal score

　　刮伤Scuff

　　拉瓦Bearing score

　　（化油器）汽湿现象Percolation

　　化油器结冰Carburetor icing

　　活塞敲缸Piston knock (piston slap)

　　活塞裙部挤扁Collapse of piston skirt

　　气门挺杆发响Tappet noise (valve knock)

　　气门弹簧颤动Valve spring surge

　　（蓄电池）硫化Sulphation

　　（蓄电池）过度放电Over discharge

　　（火花塞）铅沉积Lead fouling

　　（火花塞）积碳Carbon fouling

　　真空提前失效Defective vacuum advance

　　高压线跳火错乱Secondary wire crossfiring

　　转向反冲Steering kickback

　　离合器炸裂Clutch explosion

　　制动踏板发软Spongy brake pedal

　　制动踏板费力Hard pedal

　　制动器发响Noisy brake

　　制动踏板过低Low brake pedal

　　制动盘摆动Disc runout

　　制动失效Brake fade

　　减振器失效Defective shock absorber

　　轮胎烧耗Burn rubber

　　轮胎急速磨耗Peel rubber

　　漂滑效应Hydro-planning (aqua-planning)

　　（由于紧急制动）紧急滑行Impending skid

　　充气不足Under-inflation

　　异响Abnormal knocking

　　泄漏Leakage

　　过热Overheat

　　失控Out of control

　　乏力Lack of power

　　污染超限Illegal exhaust and noise

　　费油Excessive consumption of fuel and oil

　　振抖Fluttering

　　故障率Failure rate

　　平均故障率的观察值Observed mean failure rate

　　故障树型分析法Fault tree analysis

　　汽车维护类别Class of vehicle maintenance

　　定期维护Periodic maintenance

　　季节性维护Seasonal maintenance

　　技术保养Technical service

　　清洗Washing

　　技术检查Check-up

　　保养周期Service cycle

　　保养里程Mileage between services

　　每日保养Daily service

　　防护Preserving

　　冬季保养Winter check-up

　　夏季保养Summer check-up

　　走合维护Running-in maintenance

　　汽车修理类别Class of vehicle repair

　　汽车大修Major repair of vehicle

　　汽车中修Medium repair of vehicle

　　汽车小修Current repair of vehicle

　　总成修理Unit repair

　　零件修理Parts repair

　　计划修理Scheduled repair

　　定期修理Regulating repair

　　视情修理Repair on technical condition

　　非计划修理Unscheduled repair

　　修复Reconditioning

　　修理里程Mileage between repair

　　拆开Separating

　　拆下Withdrawing

　　拆卸Disassembling

　　校正Aligning

　　装配Fitting

　　重新装配Reassembling

　　调整Adjusting

　　单独修理Individual repair

　　汽车报废Motor vehicle liquidation

　　报废Scrapping

　　汽车维护工艺Technology of Vehicle Maintenance

　　汽车维护作业Operation of vehicle maintenance

　　汽车维护工艺过程Technological process of vehicle maintenance

　　汽车修理工艺Technology of vehicle repair

　　汽车修理工艺过程Technological process of vehicle repair

　　技术检验Technical checking

　　检视Inspection

　　零件检验分类Inspection and classification of parts

　　走合，磨合Running-in

　　冷磨合Cold running-in

　　热磨合Hot running-in

　　修理尺寸Repair size

　　走（磨）合期Running-in period

　　走（磨）合过程Running-in process

　　走（磨）合工况Running-in conditions

　　加速磨损期Period of accelerated wear

　　极限间隙Limiting clearance

　　允许间隙Permissible clearance

　　装配间隙Assembling clearance

　　汽车维修工艺设备Technological equipment of vehicle maintenance and repair

　　汽车修理技术标准Technical standard of vehicle repair

　　汽车诊断 Vehicle diagnosis

　　汽车检测Detecting test of vehicle

　　诊断参数Diagnostic parameters

　　诊断规范Diagnostic norms

　　汽车维修管理Administration of Vehicle Maintenance

　　汽车维护方法Method of vehicle maintenance

　　汽车维护流水作业法Flow method of vehicle maintenance

　　汽车维护定位作业法Method of vehicle maintenance on universal post

　　汽车修理方法Method of vehicle repair

　　汽车修理流水作业法Flow method of vehicle repair

　　汽车修理定位作业法Method of vehicle repair on universal post

　　总成互换修理法Unit exchange repairing method

　　周转总成Reversible unit

　　混装修理法Depersonalized repair method

　　就车修理法Personalized repair method

　　汽车维修指标Indices of vehicle maintenance and repair

　　汽车维护生产纲领Production program of vehicle maintenance

　　汽车修理生产纲要Production program of vehicle repair

　　汽车维修周期Period of vehicle maintenance

　　汽车诊断周期Period of vehicle diagnosis

　　汽车维修竣工辆次Number of vehicle being received from maintenance or repair

　　汽车大修平均在厂车日Average days in plant during major of vehicles

　　汽车大修平均在修车日Average days during major repair of vehicles

　　汽车大修平均工时Average man-hours of vehicle maintenance and repair

　　汽车维修平均费用Average costs of vehicle maintenance and repair

　　汽车大修返修率Returning rate of major repair of vehicle

　　汽车小修频率Frequency of current repair of vehicles

　　汽车大修间隔里程Average interval mileage of major repair of vehicles

　　汽车修理工人实物劳动生产率Labour productivity of repair-man

　　汽车维护企业Enterprise of vehicle maintenance and repair

　　汽车维护场（站）Maintenance depot (station) of vehicles

　　汽车停车场（库）Park

　　汽车修理厂Vehicle repair plant

　　汽车总成修理厂Unit repair plant for vehicle

　　汽车诊断站Vehicle diagnosis station

　　汽车检测站Detecting test station of vehicle

　　汽车维修网点Network of vehicle maintenance and repair

　　汽车维修工具和设备Instrument and Device for Vehicle Maintenance and Repair

　　螺丝刀Screwdriver

　　花扳手Ring spanner

　　锉刀File

　　双头扳手Double-ended spanner

　　鲤鱼钳Combination pilers

　　轮胎螺栓扳手Wheel wrench

　　厚度规Feeler gauge

　　杆式气缸量规Bar-type cylinder gauge

　　气缸压力表Cylinder compressor gauge

　　活塞台钳Piston vice

　　活塞加热器Piston heater

　　活塞环工具Piston ring tool

　　活塞环钳（活塞环拆装钳）Piston ring pliers (piston ring tongs)

　　压环器Piston ring compressor

　　活塞环锉Piston ring file

　　活塞销拉器Piston-pin extractor

　　连杆校正器Connecting rod alignment fixture

　　气门座刀具Valve seat cutter

　　气门弹簧压缩器Valve spring compressor

　　气门研磨工具Valve grinding tool (valve lapper)

　　调整气门间隙扳手Tappet wrench

　　浮子室液面仪Float level gauge

　　歧管压力表Manifold pressure gauge set

　　点火正时灯（正时观测灯）Ignition timing light (stroboscope)

　　燃烧分析仪Combustion tester

　　断电器触点闭合角Dwell meter

　　火花塞间隙量规Plug gap gauge

　　火花塞套筒扳手Spark plug box (socket) spanner

　　蓄电池液体比重计Battery hydrometer

　　汽车架Car stand (jack stand)

　　轮轴架Axle stand

　　前束量尺Toe-in gauge

　　外倾测量器Camber gauge

　　制动踏板压下器Brake depressor

　　制动器放气软管Hose for brake bleeding

　　车架量规Frame gauge

　　轮毂拆卸器Hub puller

　　车轮拆卸器Wheel wrench

　　拆装轮胎用撬杠Tire-lever

　　打气筒Tire pump

　　螺旋千斤顶Screw jack

　　轮胎压力计Pressure gauge

　　油壶Oil can

　　手油泵Manual fuel pump

　　黄油枪Grease gun

　　起动摇把Starting crank

　　工具袋Tool bag

　　车身修整工具Body bumping tool

　　发动机测功机Engine dynamometer

　　发动机综合试验机Engine analyzer

　　发动机示波器Engine scope (oscillograph)

　　电子诊断式发动机试验仪Electronic-diagnostic engine tester

　　滚筒式测功试验台Roller type dynamometer (test bed)

　　发动机加速测功仪Free acceleration engine tester

　　容积式油耗计Volumetric fuel meter

　　红外线废气分析仪Infrared rays exhaust gas analyzer

　　异响诊断仪Abnormal engine noise diagnosis equipment

　　气缸漏气率检验仪Cylinder leak tester

　　发动机分析仪Engine analysis apparatus

　　进气歧管真空度表Intake manifold vacuum meter

　　气缸压力表Cylinder pressure gauge

　　调整用的试验检测仪Tune-up tester

　　底盘测功机Chassis dynamometer

　　底盘润滑机Chassis lubricator

　　曲轴箱窜气量测定仪Blow-by meter

　　反作用力制动试验台Reaction type brake tester

　　惯性式制动试验台Inertia type brake tester

　　转向盘间隙测量仪Steering wheel freeplay gauge

　　测滑试验台Side-slip checking stand

　　前照灯检验仪Head light checking equipment

　　气缸孔垂直检验仪Cylinder perpendicularity gauge

　　主轴承座孔同轴度检验仪Main bearing aligning gauge

　　移动式车轮平衡机Portable wheel balancer

　　固定式车轮平衡机Wheel balancer

　　车轮动平衡机Dynamic wheel balancer

　　镗缸机Cylinder boring machine

　　气缸珩磨机Cylinder honing machine

　　直线镗削机Line borer

　　气门修整机Valve reseater

　　（活塞）销孔珩磨机Pinhole honer

　　曲轴磨床Crankshaft grinding machine

　　气门研磨机Valve grinding machine

　　气门面磨光机Valve refacer

　　气门座磨光机Valve seat grinder

　　气门座偏心磨光机Eccentric valve seat grinder

　　研磨机Lapping machine

　　电子点火试验器Electronic ignition tester

　　点火线圈试验器Ignition coil tester

　　氖管火花试验器Neon spark tester

　　电容器试验器Condenser tester

　　电枢试验器Armature tester

　　制动盘专用车床Disc lathe

　　制动蹄片磨削装置Brake shoe grinder

　　制动鼓车床Brake drum lathe

　　制动液自动更换装置Brake flusher

　　（液压）制动系空气排除器Brake bleeder