托福听力推理题如何作答

　　托福听力中虽然每一回材料都不同，但实际上几种托福听力题型总是会重复出现，其中一种经常会在托福考试听力中有的便是推理型题目，那托福听力推理题如何作答呢？

　　考察内容

　　留学360介绍：推理推断题也是托福考试听力中常考的题型。与观点组织题不同，它不是用例子证明所提出的观点，而是通过所给的例子，推出一个结论。

　　出现方式

　　推理推断题的题干，一般是这样的：

　　What does the professor imply when he explains the washing and scraping methods that were used to remove ink from a parchment surface？

　　What can be inferred about two stars if their spectra have similar spectral line patterns？

　　推理推断题的题干中一般包括imply 和 infer这样的词。所以，一看到imply 或是infer 就应该想到这是推理推断题。“暗含着什么？”或是“由此可以推出什么？”

　　解题思路

　　这种托福听力题型的解题思路如我们所说，是根据所给例子推出一个结论，但是在推断的过程中，有一点请特别注意，就是不要过度推断。下面举例来说：

　　例一、TPO 15 L3

　　In the late MiddleAges, it was customary to scrape away the surface of the parchment with an abrasive, which completely wiped out any writing that was there. But earlier in the Middle Ages, the original ink was usually removed by washing the used parchment with milk. That removed the ink. But with the passing of time, the original writing might reappear.

　　What does the professor imply when he explains the washing and scraping methods that were used to remove ink from a parchment surface？

　　A. Washing made parchment more able to retain newly applied ink than scraping did.

　　B. Washing was less effective than scraping as a means of permanently erasing ink.

　　C. The scraping method was used in the creation of the Archimedes palimpsest.

　　D. Neither method completely erased the original text

　　答案 B

　　文章说呢，在中世纪晚期，使用的摩擦的方法可以把羊皮纸上的字迹完全擦掉。而早些时候使用牛奶除去字迹的方法不那么有效，虽然当时看不到了，但随着时间的流逝，被擦掉的字迹会重现。所以，对于想要除掉羊皮纸上得字迹，以便被重新使用这个目的而言，前者是更有效的。也就是我们B选项所说。从一个可以完全擦掉，一个过后会重现，推出一个比另一个更有效，这就是一个合理推断的过程。由文章所给的例子和其中所含的信息，推出结论，这就是推理推断题的实质所在。托福听力再次要强调的就是不要过度推断，一定要依据所给的例子和所含的信息来推断。

　　例二、TPO 3 L 4

　　What can be inferred about two stars if their spectra have similar spectral line patterns？

　　And if you were looking at the spectrum of some other star, the colors would be the same. But the spectral lines would break it up at different places, making different patterns. Each pattern stands for a distinct chemical element, and so different sets or patterns of spectral lines mean that the star has a different chemical composition.

　　What can be inferred about two stars if their spectra have similar spectral line patterns？

　　A. The stars are approximately the same distance from the Earth.

　　B. The stars probably have same chemical elements in common.

　　C. The stars have nearly the same brightness.

　　D. The stars are probably of the same size

　　答案 B

　　文章说一些恒星发出的光谱颜色一样，可是它们的光谱线不同，这就给确定恒星的化学成分奠定了依据。因为不同的光谱图形对应不同的化学成分。也就是说光谱图形和化学成分的一一对应性。所以，我们可以推断出，如果恒星的光谱图形一致，那么它们所含的化学成分也应该是一样的。故B对。

　　这就是推理推断题。题干多半含imply 或是 infer 这样的词。解题是根据例子合理推断，但切记不要过度推断。